Drafts and discussion documents
Draft advice on the fourth emissions budget
Draft advice on the fourth emissions budget period (2036–2040), and whether emissions budgets one, two, and three should be revised
8 April 2024
About this report
This is one of three closely related projects, alongside:
- 2024 review of the 2050 emissions target
- Review on whether Aotearoa New Zealand's 2050 emissions reduction target should be amended to include emissions from international shipping and aviation – and if so, how
Consultation on this matter took place between 8 April and 31 May 2024.
Our final advice is available in our report, Advice on the fourth emissions budget.
Details & links
Draft advice on Aotearoa New Zealand's fourth emissions budget
Last updated 11 June 2024.
Updates have been made to this document to correct errors in the previous version:
- In the Introduction, figure 1.2 (p. 39), 'offshore migration' has been corrected to 'offshore mitigation'.
- In Chapter 3, figure 3.14 (p. 78) previously listed gross emissions in 2021 as 1.14 MtCH4 and 0.64 in 2050. This has been corrected to 1.30 MtCH4 in 2021 and 0.8 in 2050. The listed reductions in the figure were accurate.
- In Chapter 4, 'Energy' (p. 85) previously stated 'electricity demand would increase by 59% from 2022 to 2050'. This has been corrected to 64%.
- In Chapter 4, 'Energy' (p. 85) previously stated 'new data centres would be built requiring an additional 600 MW capacity of electricity generation'. This has been corrected to 'new data centres approximately equivalent to 600MW of new load'.
- In Chapter 4, 'Transport' (p. 93) previously stated 'would reduce overall distances travelled by vehicles by 15% in 2040'. This has been corrected to 18%.
- In Chapter 4, ‘Agriculture’ (p. 99) previously stated ‘methane reducing technologies would reduce emissions by 4 MtCO2e in the fourth budget period.’ This has been corrected to 1.05 MtCO2e.
- In Chapter 4, ‘Agriculture’ (p. 99) previously stated 'We assume land currently used for dairy is converted to horticulture at a rate of 2000 ha per year'. This has been corrected to 1,103 ha per year.
For more information about these changes, please contact haveyoursay@climatecommission.govt.nz.
- CCC_scenarios.ipynb – This Jupyter notebook sets out the model parameters used in this exercise.
- fill_scenarios_from_rcmip.py – This Python function includes a minor addition made to the source code of FaIR to more easily import baseline emissions data, and is needed to use the CCC scenarios notebook. This code is based on fair.py and is made available under the same license conditions, including appropriate citations. For more information, see the FaIR model on Github.
- NZ_scenarios_final.csv – This CSV data files contains the emissions data for the range of scenarios modelled.
NZ model assumptions and results datasets
ENZ assumptions log for draft EB4 advice
Contains assumptions and detailed modelling inputs which were used to create the scenarios and paths and undertake sensitivity analysis in the ENZ model.
Download: ENZ assumptions log [.XLSX – 361 KB]
ENZ results for draft EB4 advice
Contains ENZ modelling results for the reference scenario, long-term scenarios to 2050, EB4 demonstration path and alternative paths.
Download: ENZ results [.ZIP - 9.98 MB]
ENZ model release and guide
ENZ model technical manual
Describes how to use ENZ and the model functionality
Download: ENZ model technical manual
ENZ model end user license agreement
We used the ENZ model to understand the scale of the emissions reductions that are achievable in each sector over time. ENZ is an economy-wide model that covers all the main emitting sectors in Aotearoa New Zealand – energy, industry, transport, agriculture, forestry and waste.
We are providing an updated version of the ENZ model. ENZ is programmed in Microsoft Excel. The version being made available is pre-programmed with input assumptions for our draft advice on the fourth emissions budget for Aotearoa New Zealand. This includes the reference scenario, scenarios to 2050, EB4 demonstration path, alternative paths, and sensitivity analyses.
For access to the ENZ model, please download, read and sign the ENZ license agreement and return to us at hello@climatecommission.govt.nz. We will then provide you with a copy of the model through email. The model is 31 MB, so please provide an email account that allows emails of this size.
Download: Final license terms for ENZ - April 2024 [PDF - 105 KB]
C-PLAN model assumptions and results datasets
C-PLAN assumptions logs for these consultation documents
These two spreadsheets contain detailed technical assumptions which were used in the C-PLAN model. The input assumptions spreadsheet contains input assumptions for the reference scenario and sensitivities. Many of these are also inputs to the policy scenarios.
The scenario inputs spreadsheet contains inputs to the policy scenarios such as the EB4 demonstration path, particularly where they differ from the reference scenario.
Download: C-PLAN inputs assumptions log [.XLSX - 471 KB]
Download: C-PLAN scenario inputs assumptions log [.XLSX - 471 KB]
C-PLAN results for these consultation documents
Contains C-PLAN modelling results for the reference scenario, long-term scenarios to 2050, EB4 demonstration path and alternative paths.
Download: C-PLAN results [.XLSX – 5.7 MB]
C-PLAN model release and guide
We used the C-PLAN model to understand the overall impact of our recommended emissions budgets on GDP and the economy.
C-PLAN is a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that takes data on the interactions between economic actors to understand how the structure of the economy could be affected by policy.
C-PLAN is programmed in GAMS. This is a specialised modelling software typically used for CGE models. Users will need experience and knowledge running this software.
We are providing two public versions of this model for those that have expressed interest in it. These are now available pre-programmed with input assumptions for our draft advice and calibrated to the reference scenario in our draft advice.
The base package: this is a source-code only version of the model. This version does not contain all the data required to run the model. It is for people interested in the source code.
The full package: this holds the source code, underlying data to run the model and input assumptions for our draft advice. To access this, you will need to provide us with proof that you hold a license for the GTAP 10 or 11 database. You will also need to hold a license for the GAMS programming language. The Commission is not able to provide technical assistance in running the model.
For access to either of these, please download, read and sign the C-PLAN license agreement [PDF – 92 KB]. Please return the signed agreement to us at hello@climatecommission.govt.nz. We will then provide you with a copy of the model through email.
C-PLAN User manual
Contains guidance on how to use this model.
Download: C-PLAN User Manual [PDF – 238 KB]
Contains inputs and results from the reference scenario, EB4 demonstration path and sensitivity analyses from the electricity market modelling undertaken by Energy Link.
Please note that this modelling exercise was complementary to ENZ, our main modelling tool. The purpose was to draw further insight and validate the approach undertaken in ENZ.
Download: Electricity market modelling datasets for draft EB4 advice [.XLSX – 321 KB]
A report providing an independent assessment of the commercial viability of various methane reducing technologies in the agricultural sector. The report informed our assumptions for agricultural technologies in our modelling.
Download: Report on agricultural mitigation technologies [PDF – 1.7 MB]
NZ Process heat decarbonisation report
Report provided by DETA which aims to assess New Zealand's capability to deliver process heat decarbonisation and identify rate limiting factors that could impede progress.
Download: DETA – NZ Process Heat Decarbonisation - Final report [PDF - 7.04 KB]
NZ Process heat decarbonisation workforce modelling
This is the workforce model that accompanied DETA's report.
Download: NZ Process Heat Decarbonisation - Section C - Scenario modelling [.XSLX – 160 KB]
Our modelling builds on the Commission’s previous analysis. Our models have been developed by internationally renowned experts with a comprehensive understanding of the context and sectors that are represented. Additionally, as part of developing our advice for Ināia tonu nei, experts from Aotearoa New Zealand and around the world reviewed them prior to the release of our draft advice.
In addition to our previous reviews, for this analysis we engaged expertise to support us in development and to review the changes to the models.
This is documented in the following letters:
Emission: Impossible – expert review of impacts of air pollution from road transport [PDF – 241 KB]
Niven Winchester – C-PLAN review [PDF – 310 KB]
Concept Consulting – ENZ review [PDF – 284 KB]
Documents on this page relate to temperature modelling developed for our 2024 review of the 2050 emissions reduction target.
Results of temperature modelling
As part of assessing how the current target contributes to the global effort to limit warming to 1.5ᵒC, the Commission modelled the temperature response of a range of scenarios directly. This allows us to compare the warming outcome from different targets, and accurately reflect how emissions of each gas contributes to warming.
The methodology for this analysis is documented in the technical annex. These spreadsheets present the results across 8 scenarios.
Download: Temperature modelling full results [XLSX - 1.5 MB]
Review of temperature modelling
As part of the Commission’s QA/QC procedures the temperature modelling was reviewed by an external expert. The findings of the review are documented here.
Download: CS Climate Services – Review of NZCCC analysis March 2024 [PDF - 78 KB]
Input data files for temperature modelling
Together, these three files provide the code to re-run the temperature modelling the Commission ran using the FaIR model:
Download: Input data files for temperature modelling [.ZIP – 31 KB]